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The impact of crises on differentiation and integration in the EU: COVID-19 and Ukraine
Běhunčík, Radek ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Martin (referee)
The European Union has had to deal with an increasing number of crises over the past 15 years. The future of its integration is thus increasingly dependent on concrete crisis responses. At the same time, the increasing heterogeneity of its members makes it more difficult to find compromise solutions, and integration often takes a differentiated path. This paper has attempted to answer the question of what is the impact of crises on the integration and differentiation of the European Union. It did so through an explanatory two-case study of the most recent emergencies - the COVID-19 crisis and the high energy price crisis linked to the war in Ukraine. To find the answer, a congruence analysis of the Union's crisis responses was conducted based on the models of Riddervold et al. The supply and demand theory of differentiation then explained the absence or presence of differentiation. The central data source was the European secondary legislation, frequently neglected by integration theorists. The analysis results find the crises' effects to be pro-integration in the given cases, here primarily in a uniform pattern. However, in the case of COVID-19, the thesis reveals shortcomings of the crisis response models used, pointing to the need for their conceptual reformulation. For a more comprehensive understanding...
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Enhanced Cooperation in the EU
Flašíková, Martina ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU Abstract The subject of the master's thesis is the concept of enhanced cooperation in the EU. It is one of the key tools for achieving differentiated integration, which is often perceived as the future of the European Union. The thesis is aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the rules governing enhanced cooperation and its current use in practice. The evaluation of the enhanced cooperation mechanism is carried out mainly by comparison with the intergovernmental cooperation, which is often used as a replacement for enhanced cooperation. The master thesis offers a picture of enhanced cooperation as a mechanism that is imperfect but still provides a better alternative to intergovernmental cooperation. Recommendations for specific steps to improve the current legislation state and therefore to increase the use of enhanced cooperation have been formulated in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Enhanced Cooperation in the EU
Černý, Filip ; Scheu, Harald Christian (referee)
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU Abstract Enhanced cooperation has been a widely discussed in the context of the further possible development of the European integration and its direction. It represents a mechanism which introduces elements of flexible integration into the EU law. This thesis aims to provide a complete view of the process of enhanced cooperation. The first part focuses on the definition of flexibility and its theoretical concepts. The following parts of the thesis are then fully focused on enhanced cooperation as a specific legal instrument regulated by the Treaties. First of all, it mentions its historical development from the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Treaty of Lisbon and the changes it has undergone. After that there is the analysis of the legal provisions on enhanced cooperation itself. It discusses the whole process of establishing enhanced cooperation and the conditions necessary for that. There are also discussed special rules for activation of enhanced cooperation in the area of the common foreign and security policy and the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Furthermore, a substantial part of the work is devoted to the application of enhanced cooperation in practice. Five cases of enhanced cooperation established so far are analysed in that part. In each case, the...
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Enhanced Cooperation in the EU
Černý, Filip ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Král, Richard (referee)
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU Abstract Enhanced cooperation has been a widely discussed in the context of the further possible development of the European integration and its direction. It represents a mechanism which introduces elements of flexible integration into the EU law. This thesis aims to provide a complete view of the process of enhanced cooperation. The first part focuses on the definition of flexibility and its theoretical concepts. The following parts of the thesis are then fully focused on enhanced cooperation as a specific legal instrument regulated by the Treaties. First of all, it mentions its historical development from the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Treaty of Lisbon and the changes it has undergone. After that there is the analysis of the legal provisions on enhanced cooperation itself. It discusses the whole process of establishing enhanced cooperation and the conditions necessary for that. There are also discussed special rules for activation of enhanced cooperation in the area of the common foreign and security policy and the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Furthermore, a substantial part of the work is devoted to the application of enhanced cooperation in practice. Five cases of enhanced cooperation established so far are analysed in that part. In each case, the...
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Differentiated integration in the EU : the British approach to EMU fiscal rules
Šimunská, Petra ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
The thesis focuses on the British approach to EMU fiscal rules. Theoretical and conceptual framework is based on the theory of differentiated integration dealing with a various forms of closer cooperation among EU Member States. The research is built on the theoretical approach as described by Frank Schimmelfennig, Dirk Leuffen and Berthold Rittberger. Authors provide an analysis of conditions of differentiated integration within the EU. The aim of this thesis is to answer the question of why the United Kingdom decided not to participate in the fiscal compact and, consequently, did not allow further differentiated integration within the treaties (which led to an arrangement outside the EU legal framework) while accepting the initial fiscal rules agreed in the 1990s as well as other crisis reforms of EU fiscal governance. The first part describes Maastricht and SGP fiscal rules and analyses both the UK's position within EMU and the SGP provisions applied to the UK. The next chapter examines the British approach towards both the SGP revisions and the Euro Plus Pact. The third part analyses the new fiscal compact and explains why the UK decided to use the veto. In conclusion, the thesis provides an answer to the research question as set down in the introduction.
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Multi-speed European Union and its impacts on Slovakia
Stanová, Zuzana ; Sršeň, Radim (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
Multi-speed European Union is a very up-to-date topic especially in terms of the finance and debt crisis, which deepened the differences between member states' economies. Multi-speed integration is one of the ways how to satisfy the claims of all member states, respect their different socioeconomic conditions and interests and at the same time not to disturb the integration process. The objective of this thesis is to introduce the concept of multi-speed integration from different theoretical points of view, to outline its historical development and assess its positive and negative impacts on the EU as a whole and on Slovakia. The analysis of impacts of the Economic and Monetary Union's multi-speed character on Slovakia is the key part of this thesis. These impacts on Slovakia are both positive and negative, but some of them cannot be categorized in general. In the aggregate the positive impacts prevail.
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